Dr. I-Chun Lai is an Attending Physician at Taipei Veterans General Hospital and an Assistant Professor at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University. Her work focuses on the multidisciplinary management of pancreatic cancer, particularly the clinical application of carbon-ion radiotherapy for unresectable disease. She has been actively involved in the development and clinical implementation of carbon-ion therapy for pancreatic cancer in Taiwan. Her research on carbon-ion radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer has been presented at major international conferences, including ASTRO and PTCOG, and published in leading journals such as Radiotherapy and Oncology. Her research aims to advance precision treatment and improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Background and Aims:
Unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains associated with poor prognosis and limited durable local treatment options. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT), with its favorable dose distribution and enhanced biological effectiveness, enables intensified local treatment while minimizing exposure to surrounding normal tissues. This study evaluated clinical outcomes following definitive CIRT in patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Methods:
Between April 2023 and Jul 2026, 235 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma received definitive carbon-ion radiotherapy. Among them, 174 patients with sufficient follow-up were included for outcome analysis. All analyzed patients were considered inoperable at the time of treatment. Carbon-ion radiotherapy was delivered in 12 fractions using image-guided treatment with respiratory motion management. Dose prescription was stratified according to tumor extent and regional risk features, with escalated doses of 60–66 Gy(RBE) delivered to metabolically active regions and tumor–vessel interfaces, 55.2 Gy(RBE) to gross disease, and 43.2 Gy(RBE) to subclinical areas. Overall survival (OS), local failure–free survival (LFFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results:
With a median follow-up of 16.9 months, median OS and LFFS were not reached. Encouraging overall survival and durable local control were observed following CIRT, while distant metastasis remained the predominant pattern of disease progression. In addition, a subset of patients subsequently underwent surgical resection after treatment, with a high rate of margin-negative resection and favorable pathological responses observed in selected cases. Treatment was well tolerated, with minimal side effects.
Conclusions:
Definitive carbon-ion radiotherapy provides encouraging survival outcomes and excellent local control with tolerable side effects in patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conversion to surgical resection was achieved in a subset of patients, supporting the role of CIRT as a robust local treatment modality within multidisciplinary management strategies and highlighting its potential to facilitate downstream surgical options in selected patients.